Chapter 5
1800's
Spanish Economic Reform- Sugar Industry
Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade was closed in 1815 due to low profitability. At the turn of century , sugar turned from being a luxury in Europe into a
necessity . There was high demand for sugar prompting Spain to execute economic reforms by opening sugar industry to the world market and support the sugarcane farming in Philippines . Port of Manila opened to foreign trade, in 1837, was followed by a period of rising industry and prosperity.
On Iloilo , it exported leaf tobacco, sugar, sapan or dyewood (an industry long ago ruined), hemp ( Lanot), and hides.This motivated large scale near-enslavement by Ilongo Sugar Barons in Negros Occidental.
necessity . There was high demand for sugar prompting Spain to execute economic reforms by opening sugar industry to the world market and support the sugarcane farming in Philippines . Port of Manila opened to foreign trade, in 1837, was followed by a period of rising industry and prosperity.
On Iloilo , it exported leaf tobacco, sugar, sapan or dyewood (an industry long ago ruined), hemp ( Lanot), and hides.This motivated large scale near-enslavement by Ilongo Sugar Barons in Negros Occidental.
The advent of Steamboat "saved the day"
Industrial Revolution hits America and Europe . Spain bought steam-propelled boats from Great Britain. As a result , The export increase exponentially
because steamboats are more speedy than sail-ships and Spanish easily captured pirates in the waters of Negros Occidental . International Seaport opened in
Iloilo , it forged widespread construction of beautiful concrete churches and Mansions in Iloilo . Increasing wealth allowed middle-class Meztizo parents to send their sons to universities both at home and abroad . Calle Real was vitalized as major port next to Manila that sell sugar to Europe Australia and America.
Most Ilongos are absentee ownership of Negros with hierarchy emerged in hacienda Management , they either let the agsador ( leaseholder) or appoint encargado (overseer) usually a relative or trusted employee of the owner, acted as hacendero in his absence who delegates another work to cabo ( state supervisor) who carried out encargado's orders
because steamboats are more speedy than sail-ships and Spanish easily captured pirates in the waters of Negros Occidental . International Seaport opened in
Iloilo , it forged widespread construction of beautiful concrete churches and Mansions in Iloilo . Increasing wealth allowed middle-class Meztizo parents to send their sons to universities both at home and abroad . Calle Real was vitalized as major port next to Manila that sell sugar to Europe Australia and America.
Most Ilongos are absentee ownership of Negros with hierarchy emerged in hacienda Management , they either let the agsador ( leaseholder) or appoint encargado (overseer) usually a relative or trusted employee of the owner, acted as hacendero in his absence who delegates another work to cabo ( state supervisor) who carried out encargado's orders
Negros - A Dangerous Land
SoThe Spanish government neglect of Negros Occidental made habitation in the area dangerous for the indigenous population and lacking in social and physical amenities for foreign colonials . Most of towns in Negros has no concrete church because they cannot afford to construct one. High death rate of Malaria is also recorded in Negros that made it an inferior choice for settlement.
Even in Mid 1850's , large population in mountain areas were not controlled by the Crown.
Dark Centuries of Desperation- Catholic CHurch was the only comport of Negros
A weak Cabecera ( capital) is located in Ilog , where the corregidor (military-political commander) is residing to rule the Island and to collect all tax payments and send it to Iloilo ( up to 1734) . Yet still , no troops not stationed , the corrigidor is defenseless. Life in western Negros remained brutish and insecure. Local inhabitants are often defenseless from Moro pirates who plundered the coastal settlements in search of goods and slaves usually destroying what they could not carry away. Negros suffered another hundred years of devastation from Muslims. From the 1770s until almost the mid-nineteenth century, native priests held responsibility for five very large parishes, including many visitas , that stretched from Cauayan as far north as Silay. Even the Spanish governor of Negros was held captive in 1771 .Potentiating their poverty. In some years harvests were so poor that alcaldes had to plead for understanding in the delayed collection of tribute, as happened during a long spell of bad times from 1832 to 1835.
People of Iloilo viciously pillaged Negros for food
There’s also hostilities with the mountain folk , the ambaks and mundos. An apocrypha writings says
“As far as could be determined, the earliest people in these localities were the semisavage Mondos and Ambaks. Traders in sailboats from Panay used to land at [Barrio] Talisay to replenish their food and watersupply and brought back to their home island (Panay) stories of the potentialities of fishing and farming in the land they had visited. Slowly but steadily Malay settlers from Panay came and drove the Mondos and Ambaks to the interior”
Negros was Poor - while their Feudal Lord from Iloilo is Rich
" The only commercial activity on Negros involved some cottage industry weaving of such native fabrics as lornpotes and sinamay , commissioned by great mestizo cloth merchants from Molo and Jaro, on Panay"
Pirates inflict misery in Negros Occidental
In 1829, Moros captured over hundreds of natives from Bacolod, Talisay, and Silay as slaves. When Spain opened the sugar commerce to the world. Negros received attention from Spanish Government,
fortifying defense to protect the laborers in sugarcane plantation through Governors Luis Villasis (1833-40) and José Saenz y Vizmanos (1840-48) finally eliminated until the time of Governor Emilio Saravia that in 1857 , he defeated them in the waters off Silay . Shortly after this engagement, the government stationed two steam gunboats to patrol the Guimaras Strait, discouraging further pirate depredations.
Once Pirates cleared- Hacienderos mainly from Iloilo settled in
Once the Pirates has been cleared. Large numbers of hacienderos of Jaro and Molo Iloilo begun to purchase vast lands from Binalbagan , to Bago to up to Silay and Cadiz converting the deep jungle
into sugarlandia. It was cheap due to its value. From 35,007 population in 1845 it soared 5 times fold in 1886 to 154 , 408.
Arrival of Chinese , British and Swiss in Iloilo for Commerce
In 1834 the Spanish allowed both non-Spanish Westerners and Chinese immigrants to settle
anywhere in the islands. Chinese arrived in Iloilo were Lopez , Lacson and Locsin. They interbred with the locals and adopted the Hiligaynon Dialect. These Chinese descent invested their money to purchase several lands in Negros . It was lucrative business . At a span of a decade , they became prosperous and begun
to build mansions in Iloilo. On the other island , an extreme exploitation of poor peasants goes on to decades and century in Negroc Occidental.
Source: San Antonio, Chrónicas 1:87; Juan de la Concepción, O.R.S.A., Historia general de Philipinas , 14 vols. (Manila and Sampaloc: Agustin de la Rosa y Balagtas and Hermano Balthasar Marino, 1789-92), 10:14-17, 13:149; Angel Martinez Cuesta, O.A.R., Historia de la Isla de Negros, Filipinas , 1565-1898 (Madrid: Raycar, 1976), pp. 117-18, 127-28; Pedro Murillo Velarde, S.J., Geographia historica de las Islas Philipinas, del
Africa, y de sus islas adyacentes (Madrid: Gabriel Ramirez, 1752), p. 66; Manuel Buzeta, O.S.A., and Felipe Bravo, O.S.A., Diccionario geográfico, estadístico, histórico de las Islas Filipinas , 2 vols. (Madrid: José C. de la Peña, 1851), 2:558-59; Joaquin Martinez de Zúñiga, O.S.A., Estadismo de las Islas Filipinas , 2 vols. (Madrid: Imp. de la Viuda de M. Minuesa de los Ríos, 1893), 2:88; Félix Renouard de Sainte Croix, Voyage commercial et politique aux Indes, aux Iles Philippines, à la Chine . . . . (Paris: Archives de Droit Français, 1810), 2:281; Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga, O.S.A., An Historical View of the Philippine Islands , trans. John Maver (Manila: Filipiniana Book Guild, 1966; original 1803), p. 83; Anon., "Moro Raids Repulsed by Visayans" (pamphlet published in Manila, 1755), B&R, 48: 48-49; Chretien Louis Joseph de Guignes, "Observations on the Philippine Islands and the Isle de France," in A General Collection of Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in All Parts of the World , ed. John Pinkerton, 17 vols. (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, 1812), 11:74.
Felipe Redondo y Sendino, Breve reseña de lo que fue y de es la diócesis de Cebú en las Islas Filipinas (Manila: Colegio de Sto. Tomás, 1886), pp. 139-44; Fernando Fulgosio, Cronica de las Islas Filipinas (Madrid: Rubio, Grilo y Vitturi, 1871), p. 84; Martinez Cuesta, Historia , pp. 12-15, 22-29, 53-64; Echaúz, Apuntes , pp. 13-14; letter of Governor Luis Villas, Himamailan, Negros, April 20, 1840, Oficios de la Alcaldia m or y Corregimiento de la Isla de Negros a la Superinted a e Intend a de la Hacienda, 1834-1858, Legajos de Varias Provincias, Negros, PNA; Modesto P. Sa-onoy, A Brief History of the Church in Negros Occidental (Bacolod: By the author, 1976), pp. 13-33.
RF 1:345-46; Mallat, Les Philippines 1:319-20; letters of Governor Luis Villas, Himamailan, Negros, February 24, 1834, September 20, 1837, Oficios de la Alcaldia m or y Corregimiento de la Isla de Negros a la Superintend a e Intend a de la Hacienda, 1834-1858, PNA; Zúñiga, Estadismo 2:88; Buzeta and Bravo, Diccionario 2:357-58.
Even in Mid 1850's , large population in mountain areas were not controlled by the Crown.
Dark Centuries of Desperation- Catholic CHurch was the only comport of Negros
A weak Cabecera ( capital) is located in Ilog , where the corregidor (military-political commander) is residing to rule the Island and to collect all tax payments and send it to Iloilo ( up to 1734) . Yet still , no troops not stationed , the corrigidor is defenseless. Life in western Negros remained brutish and insecure. Local inhabitants are often defenseless from Moro pirates who plundered the coastal settlements in search of goods and slaves usually destroying what they could not carry away. Negros suffered another hundred years of devastation from Muslims. From the 1770s until almost the mid-nineteenth century, native priests held responsibility for five very large parishes, including many visitas , that stretched from Cauayan as far north as Silay. Even the Spanish governor of Negros was held captive in 1771 .Potentiating their poverty. In some years harvests were so poor that alcaldes had to plead for understanding in the delayed collection of tribute, as happened during a long spell of bad times from 1832 to 1835.
People of Iloilo viciously pillaged Negros for food
There’s also hostilities with the mountain folk , the ambaks and mundos. An apocrypha writings says
“As far as could be determined, the earliest people in these localities were the semisavage Mondos and Ambaks. Traders in sailboats from Panay used to land at [Barrio] Talisay to replenish their food and watersupply and brought back to their home island (Panay) stories of the potentialities of fishing and farming in the land they had visited. Slowly but steadily Malay settlers from Panay came and drove the Mondos and Ambaks to the interior”
Negros was Poor - while their Feudal Lord from Iloilo is Rich
" The only commercial activity on Negros involved some cottage industry weaving of such native fabrics as lornpotes and sinamay , commissioned by great mestizo cloth merchants from Molo and Jaro, on Panay"
Pirates inflict misery in Negros Occidental
In 1829, Moros captured over hundreds of natives from Bacolod, Talisay, and Silay as slaves. When Spain opened the sugar commerce to the world. Negros received attention from Spanish Government,
fortifying defense to protect the laborers in sugarcane plantation through Governors Luis Villasis (1833-40) and José Saenz y Vizmanos (1840-48) finally eliminated until the time of Governor Emilio Saravia that in 1857 , he defeated them in the waters off Silay . Shortly after this engagement, the government stationed two steam gunboats to patrol the Guimaras Strait, discouraging further pirate depredations.
Once Pirates cleared- Hacienderos mainly from Iloilo settled in
Once the Pirates has been cleared. Large numbers of hacienderos of Jaro and Molo Iloilo begun to purchase vast lands from Binalbagan , to Bago to up to Silay and Cadiz converting the deep jungle
into sugarlandia. It was cheap due to its value. From 35,007 population in 1845 it soared 5 times fold in 1886 to 154 , 408.
Arrival of Chinese , British and Swiss in Iloilo for Commerce
In 1834 the Spanish allowed both non-Spanish Westerners and Chinese immigrants to settle
anywhere in the islands. Chinese arrived in Iloilo were Lopez , Lacson and Locsin. They interbred with the locals and adopted the Hiligaynon Dialect. These Chinese descent invested their money to purchase several lands in Negros . It was lucrative business . At a span of a decade , they became prosperous and begun
to build mansions in Iloilo. On the other island , an extreme exploitation of poor peasants goes on to decades and century in Negroc Occidental.
Source: San Antonio, Chrónicas 1:87; Juan de la Concepción, O.R.S.A., Historia general de Philipinas , 14 vols. (Manila and Sampaloc: Agustin de la Rosa y Balagtas and Hermano Balthasar Marino, 1789-92), 10:14-17, 13:149; Angel Martinez Cuesta, O.A.R., Historia de la Isla de Negros, Filipinas , 1565-1898 (Madrid: Raycar, 1976), pp. 117-18, 127-28; Pedro Murillo Velarde, S.J., Geographia historica de las Islas Philipinas, del
Africa, y de sus islas adyacentes (Madrid: Gabriel Ramirez, 1752), p. 66; Manuel Buzeta, O.S.A., and Felipe Bravo, O.S.A., Diccionario geográfico, estadístico, histórico de las Islas Filipinas , 2 vols. (Madrid: José C. de la Peña, 1851), 2:558-59; Joaquin Martinez de Zúñiga, O.S.A., Estadismo de las Islas Filipinas , 2 vols. (Madrid: Imp. de la Viuda de M. Minuesa de los Ríos, 1893), 2:88; Félix Renouard de Sainte Croix, Voyage commercial et politique aux Indes, aux Iles Philippines, à la Chine . . . . (Paris: Archives de Droit Français, 1810), 2:281; Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga, O.S.A., An Historical View of the Philippine Islands , trans. John Maver (Manila: Filipiniana Book Guild, 1966; original 1803), p. 83; Anon., "Moro Raids Repulsed by Visayans" (pamphlet published in Manila, 1755), B&R, 48: 48-49; Chretien Louis Joseph de Guignes, "Observations on the Philippine Islands and the Isle de France," in A General Collection of Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in All Parts of the World , ed. John Pinkerton, 17 vols. (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, 1812), 11:74.
Felipe Redondo y Sendino, Breve reseña de lo que fue y de es la diócesis de Cebú en las Islas Filipinas (Manila: Colegio de Sto. Tomás, 1886), pp. 139-44; Fernando Fulgosio, Cronica de las Islas Filipinas (Madrid: Rubio, Grilo y Vitturi, 1871), p. 84; Martinez Cuesta, Historia , pp. 12-15, 22-29, 53-64; Echaúz, Apuntes , pp. 13-14; letter of Governor Luis Villas, Himamailan, Negros, April 20, 1840, Oficios de la Alcaldia m or y Corregimiento de la Isla de Negros a la Superinted a e Intend a de la Hacienda, 1834-1858, Legajos de Varias Provincias, Negros, PNA; Modesto P. Sa-onoy, A Brief History of the Church in Negros Occidental (Bacolod: By the author, 1976), pp. 13-33.
RF 1:345-46; Mallat, Les Philippines 1:319-20; letters of Governor Luis Villas, Himamailan, Negros, February 24, 1834, September 20, 1837, Oficios de la Alcaldia m or y Corregimiento de la Isla de Negros a la Superintend a e Intend a de la Hacienda, 1834-1858, PNA; Zúñiga, Estadismo 2:88; Buzeta and Bravo, Diccionario 2:357-58.
Ilongo founded the town of Eustacio Lopez ( Silay)
Eustacio Lopez of Jaro , his famous first cousin is Graciano Lopez Jaena ,( Fathers are Brother Fermin and Placido respectively ), owned 18 Hacienda in Silay , founded Hacienda Dalinson in Kabankalan Norte and changed it into his name , E. Lopez , because he owned 99% of the town. It is here where Don Eustacio hide his first cousin Graciano Lopez due to fear of Spanish reprisal of his famous anti-friar propaganda“ Fray Botod’. Don Eustacio offered money
and send his close cousin to Spain . Another Brother of Fermin
is Claudio Lopez , honorary associate consul of Portugal .
Don Bernardino Jalandoni & Dona Ysabel Lopez Ledesma of Jaro settled in Silay , Negros Occidental. Jose Ledesma and his wife Magdalena Ledesma followed.
Source: Oscar Lopez, ed., The Lopez Family: Its Origins and Genealogy , 4 vols. (Manila: Eugenio Lopez Foundation, 1982), provides information on 2,676 heirs of Basilio and Maria Sabina Jaranilla Jalandoni through seven generations. See also McCoy, "Ylo-ilo," pp. 65-72.
Alejandro Conlu Montelibano born in Iloilo in 1861 from Emiterio Montelibano ( 1831) and Silvestra COnlu (1835). Alejandro acquired large lands in Murcia , Silay and Bacolod . He founded the Bacolod-Murcia Milling Co., Inc and along with his son , Alfredo Montelibano from Liceria Ramos , who married Donya Corazon Unzon Locsin .
and send his close cousin to Spain . Another Brother of Fermin
is Claudio Lopez , honorary associate consul of Portugal .
Don Bernardino Jalandoni & Dona Ysabel Lopez Ledesma of Jaro settled in Silay , Negros Occidental. Jose Ledesma and his wife Magdalena Ledesma followed.
Source: Oscar Lopez, ed., The Lopez Family: Its Origins and Genealogy , 4 vols. (Manila: Eugenio Lopez Foundation, 1982), provides information on 2,676 heirs of Basilio and Maria Sabina Jaranilla Jalandoni through seven generations. See also McCoy, "Ylo-ilo," pp. 65-72.
Alejandro Conlu Montelibano born in Iloilo in 1861 from Emiterio Montelibano ( 1831) and Silvestra COnlu (1835). Alejandro acquired large lands in Murcia , Silay and Bacolod . He founded the Bacolod-Murcia Milling Co., Inc and along with his son , Alfredo Montelibano from Liceria Ramos , who married Donya Corazon Unzon Locsin .
Ilongo founded a new town , Pulupandan
Vicenta Yanzon Locsin from Molo with his husband , Don Agustin Montilla petitioned the Spanish Governor for official recognition of his new agricultural settlement (estancia ) at the visita at Pulupandan, town of Bago , he assured the government that he could adequately protect his laborers from the Moros who stopped at the nearby island of Inampulugan , with 118 laborers rice, coconuts,
cotton, abaca, maize, and mongo beans. Population grew that mantilla ask to erect a chapel because its tiresome for his 800 villagers to go to Bago to hear mass on Sunday. Isabela (Haciendas Bonifacio, Josefa, and Espana). Their children are Lina, Julian, Bonifacio, Eustaquia, Domingo, Josefa, Petronila, and Juana.
Founded 1898
cotton, abaca, maize, and mongo beans. Population grew that mantilla ask to erect a chapel because its tiresome for his 800 villagers to go to Bago to hear mass on Sunday. Isabela (Haciendas Bonifacio, Josefa, and Espana). Their children are Lina, Julian, Bonifacio, Eustaquia, Domingo, Josefa, Petronila, and Juana.
Founded 1898
Ilongos building Bago
1891 - Juan Araneta of Molo , after loosing his Hacienda in Bago. He founded Hacienda Fermina in Dinapalan and Ma-ao , Bago . He has a very larged family with 25 Children. The house of General Juan Araneta in Bago City was built towards the end of the 19th century and stands today as the Araneta Museum.
Bago was founded as town
Ilongos founded Pontevedra.
Basilio Lopez and Sabina Jalandoni purchased vast lands in Hacienda Silay-Saravia , their child Eulogia acquired 2 haciendas in Victorias of 125 hectares , their son Eugenio acquired 535 hectares in Casalagan , Puntevedra, half of it given to his son Don Benito , became a Governor of Iloilo.
Bago was founded as town
Ilongos founded Pontevedra.
Basilio Lopez and Sabina Jalandoni purchased vast lands in Hacienda Silay-Saravia , their child Eulogia acquired 2 haciendas in Victorias of 125 hectares , their son Eugenio acquired 535 hectares in Casalagan , Puntevedra, half of it given to his son Don Benito , became a Governor of Iloilo.
Ilongos Building Talisay
1840 - Lucio Lacson y Petronila and Clara Ledesma of Iloilo , from Molo , acquired a vast estates in Talisay cultivated it for sugar plantation. He became the second richest planters in Negros. He built the beautiful Mansion in Molo . His child is Mariano Lacson y Ledesma had built Mansion . Another one of their 7 children , Aniceto Lacson y Ledesma of Molo and married to Rosario Araneta with 11 children operated the vast hacienda Matabang in Talisay his second wife, Magdalena Torres, he had 10 children. He becomes one of the richest man in Negros and lead the land from liberty from the Spanish Regime and became its president . His estates ‘haciendas’ stretched thousands of hectares from Talisay to Cadiz town.
It was founded as town 1840-1850
It was founded as town 1840-1850
Ilongos in Sagay
Eugenio Lopez y Jalandoni from Jaro had a child , Don Gil Lopez ( born 1870)
married Dona Albin Hofileña who at the time in the late 1890 was a pen-pal of
the countrys hero, Graciano Lopez Jaena. During the revolution of 1898, it was
Don Gil Lopez who led the revolutionary forces from the Sagay-Cadiz area. He is
famous violinist. Two of Albina aunt had married two Lopez Brother , Elena
Hofilena married Vicente Lopez and Presentacion Hofilena married Benito Lopez
they are the parents of tycoon Eugenio Lopez and former Vice-President Fernando
Lopez
Ilongo founded a new town of Manapla
In 1890 , Catalino and Fortunato Valderrama, sons of a Chinese immigrant convert and his Ilongo wife, left their home in Molo in Iloilo at a youthful age, when the cloth business that had sustained their parents no longer produced profits. He oversaw the clearing of some 300 hectares of frontier in Cadiz then opening up to settlement and established the place called Manapla. During the following decade his younger brother established Hacienda Nazareth on 400 hectares in newly founded Manapla.
Founded 1886-1898
married Dona Albin Hofileña who at the time in the late 1890 was a pen-pal of
the countrys hero, Graciano Lopez Jaena. During the revolution of 1898, it was
Don Gil Lopez who led the revolutionary forces from the Sagay-Cadiz area. He is
famous violinist. Two of Albina aunt had married two Lopez Brother , Elena
Hofilena married Vicente Lopez and Presentacion Hofilena married Benito Lopez
they are the parents of tycoon Eugenio Lopez and former Vice-President Fernando
Lopez
Ilongo founded a new town of Manapla
In 1890 , Catalino and Fortunato Valderrama, sons of a Chinese immigrant convert and his Ilongo wife, left their home in Molo in Iloilo at a youthful age, when the cloth business that had sustained their parents no longer produced profits. He oversaw the clearing of some 300 hectares of frontier in Cadiz then opening up to settlement and established the place called Manapla. During the following decade his younger brother established Hacienda Nazareth on 400 hectares in newly founded Manapla.
Founded 1886-1898
1861 - Ilongo Feudal Estates in Binalbagan-Isabela
Don Ignacio Lacson-Arroyo ( left) was a cabeza de barangay of Molo , Iloilo . He was the son of Pedro Arroyo of Molo and Apolonia Lacson . He bought vast hacienda in Isabela , Hinigaran and La Castellana. His son Mariano became Governor of Iloilo in 1928 , his daughter founded the Dominican Sisters of the Most Holy Rosary in Molo , his son Jose Maria became senator in 1919 , he had married Jesusa Araneta-Lacson.
Agapito Villavicencio Montero, a native of Mandurriao, Iloilo, was born on August 18, 1855 and at the tender age of 18 years, Maximiana Mesa Abeto settled in Binalbagan. the couple acquired properties in Binalbagan which is now known as Hacienda Loreto and Hacienda Alimango. 14 children, many of whom died in their infancy and young adulthood. But nine children survived 8 of who married. Their descendants
becomes prominent people of Himamaylan , Binalbagan and Isabela after the World War 2. Some Yulos settled in Binalbagan.
Dr. Eugenio Kilayko owned Hacienda Maruja in the municipality of Isabela in Negros Occidental
Agapito Villavicencio Montero, a native of Mandurriao, Iloilo, was born on August 18, 1855 and at the tender age of 18 years, Maximiana Mesa Abeto settled in Binalbagan. the couple acquired properties in Binalbagan which is now known as Hacienda Loreto and Hacienda Alimango. 14 children, many of whom died in their infancy and young adulthood. But nine children survived 8 of who married. Their descendants
becomes prominent people of Himamaylan , Binalbagan and Isabela after the World War 2. Some Yulos settled in Binalbagan.
Dr. Eugenio Kilayko owned Hacienda Maruja in the municipality of Isabela in Negros Occidental
1861 - Ilongo Feudal Estates in Binalbagan-Isabela
A primitive villages emerged in the upland river of Binalbagan who by end of 1700's do not received the Spanish Rule yet moreso with christian faith. People of Binalbagan was depopulated and totally destroyed in 1785 by Muslims and settled in Canmoros , people sailed upward in Tanulo River and lived away from Muslims in Payao , others went farther up to Tanongan village at the food of the mountain. 1798 , driven by the sympathy of Catholic missionaries , the community which numbered around 1,000 received Jesus Christ and a temporary Catholic Church was built made from bamboo and nipa through a visiting priest from Himamaylan. After 30 years , for convenience , the Church was transferred in sitio Manacop , close to the river. In 1861 , under Recollect Friar Pedro Echevarria , Manacop was changed to Isabela in honor of Isabella II , Queen of Spain .
Ilongos of Hinigaran and Himamaylan
Hinigaran were the families of Yulo , Mongcal, Dano-og, Curio, Sarrosa, David, Pido, Pabalinas, Saril Luntayao and Grijaldo. They came mostly from Miaga-ao
and Guimbals towns in Iloilo Province. The demand for sugar by foreign firms stirred the interest of the people of Panay to acquire more lands for cultivation of sugar. The elite of Molo chose Hinigaran as the place for their haciendas. The Yulo’s of Hinigaran Binalbagan produced Mariano Yulo a former Senator from 1928 to 1931. Gatuslao from Guimbal settled in Himamaylan and begun to clear the vast jungle and converted it to sugarcane producing estates. The Yulo’s of Hinigaran Binalbagan produced Mariano Yulo a former Senator from 1928 to 1931
1800-1850- Founding years
Sources: Gu ía de forasteros in las Islas Filipinas, para el año 1850 (Manila: Los Amigos del Pals, 1850pp. 284-91; Guía oficial de Filipinas . 1886 (Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier, 1885), pp. 661-62; Guía oficial de las Islas Filipinas para 1898 (Manila: Chofré, 1898)
and Guimbals towns in Iloilo Province. The demand for sugar by foreign firms stirred the interest of the people of Panay to acquire more lands for cultivation of sugar. The elite of Molo chose Hinigaran as the place for their haciendas. The Yulo’s of Hinigaran Binalbagan produced Mariano Yulo a former Senator from 1928 to 1931. Gatuslao from Guimbal settled in Himamaylan and begun to clear the vast jungle and converted it to sugarcane producing estates. The Yulo’s of Hinigaran Binalbagan produced Mariano Yulo a former Senator from 1928 to 1931
1800-1850- Founding years
Sources: Gu ía de forasteros in las Islas Filipinas, para el año 1850 (Manila: Los Amigos del Pals, 1850pp. 284-91; Guía oficial de Filipinas . 1886 (Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier, 1885), pp. 661-62; Guía oficial de las Islas Filipinas para 1898 (Manila: Chofré, 1898)
Ilongo founded a new town of La Carlota
Don Felix Locsin-Melitante Araneta born in March 18, 1840 Molo, Iloilo. He is one of the pioneer hacienderos of Negros Occidental. Aware of huge profits in Sugar Industry in Iloilo , he acquired a huge realengas ( unoccupied land belong to the Spanish Crown) in Mangkas ( variant of Simanca) in a Pueblo of Valladolid . He named it “Hacienda Paz”after his wife Paz Ditching Soriano from Molo tapping the local inhabitants to till the land . The agricultural produce and population grew tremendously in a short period of time . On October 15, 1869, the king of Spain issued a Royal Decree elevating Simancas into a " Pueblo Civil " town with its own Gobernadorcillo and Juez for better governance . In 1871, King Carlos of Spain issued another Royal Decree changing the name of the town from Simancas to La Carlota . On December 4, 1876, a royal order was issued creating La Carlota as a parish and it needs a priest to conduct baptism , matrimony and funeral services. Felix M. Araneta was laid to rest beside his parents inside the Convent of Molo Church, at the footstep facing the altar
The fifth child of Don Felix is Marciano S. Araneta , is the administrator of Hacienda in Mangas. He led the revolutionary that attacked the headquarters of the Spanish , their child in Surgeon Araneta Molo leads comite in Iloilo and child in Manila active withAguinaldo. They were labelled as "Insurrectos de Molo" or rebels of Molo , Iloilo. National Historical Institute marker is built to honor Marciano Soriano Araneta in the entrance of the old Municipal Building of La Carlota City fronting the Plaza in Negros Occidental.
The fifth child of Don Felix is Marciano S. Araneta , is the administrator of Hacienda in Mangas. He led the revolutionary that attacked the headquarters of the Spanish , their child in Surgeon Araneta Molo leads comite in Iloilo and child in Manila active withAguinaldo. They were labelled as "Insurrectos de Molo" or rebels of Molo , Iloilo. National Historical Institute marker is built to honor Marciano Soriano Araneta in the entrance of the old Municipal Building of La Carlota City fronting the Plaza in Negros Occidental.
Rodrigo Araneta Montinola of Jaro , Iloilo owned Hacienda Estela , in San Miguel after his daughter with Felisa Jalandoni . They have built a house in Jaro called RAM.
Don Teodoro S. Benidicto of Iloilo acquired large swath of land in Mangkas through an official " Titulo" or Land Title.
Don Teodoro S. Benidicto of Iloilo acquired large swath of land in Mangkas through an official " Titulo" or Land Title.
Feudal traders of Iloilo landholdings in Granada and Sum-ag
No sane person will ever risk their lives in the swampy and coastal lands facing unexpected threats of Muslim . For that reason , no " bacolod" ever existed in the next 300 years .Let alone , a scanty hamlets scattered throughout in the river delta with a shape of a horn called magsungay by 1700 . They suffered vicious attacks and summarily exterminated by Muslims in 1777 every house was not spared from burning . The surviving families migrated some 10 kilometer upland and established a new village . Spanish begun to call newly settled village as " Granada " , a part of Spain who fall to the hands of Muslims . In 1800's , another population grew in the wetlands along Sum-ag River and smaller pockets of villages around Pahanocoy and Tangub . Population grew to 5,000 in a span of 50 years , all were farmers depending upon the fishes and ricefields . With burgeoning sugar industry , the feudal traders from Iloilo ( Lacson , Locsin , Araneta , Montelibano , Montinola , Benidicto , De La Rama , Lopez , Ledesma , Jalandoni , Lizares , Gatuslao , Montilla etc ) acquired most of the lands . Its proximity to Iloilo International Port was very advantageous that there was massive influx of workers . Population grew that by 1850 , Granada ( includes magsungay) and Sum-ag ( with Pahanocoy , Tangub ) was converted as Pueblo Civil . One port was needed to transport cavans of Mascuvado to Iloilo , a drier elevated area close to Iloilo was a best choice . People call it Buklod - (Bacolod) . After very long centuries , a concrete Church was built atop of the Buklod for the first time in 1876 under the vicariate of Bishop of Jaro to . In 1889, Bacolod became the capital of Occidental Negros.
Doña Matilde Jalandoni Montinola
Isabel Araneta , Daughter of Don Felix Araneta married Roque Lacson Sanson having a son named Alfredo Araneta Sanson .
Alfredo married Dona Matilde Jalandoni Montinola of Jaro and built a Mansion in Jaro called Sanson y Montinola Antillan House.
The house is given to his their son Gregorio Montinola Sanson with her wife Marilou Lorca Tirol of Jaro.
Alfredo married Dona Matilde Jalandoni Montinola of Jaro and built a Mansion in Jaro called Sanson y Montinola Antillan House.
The house is given to his their son Gregorio Montinola Sanson with her wife Marilou Lorca Tirol of Jaro.
1818 - Molo seperated and became a town
1818 - When nearby Arevalo became the capital of the alcaldia de Ylong-ylong (Province of Iloilo) Molo was its mere suburb , Capital was transferred to Iloilo until 1818 when it became a pueblo. Casa real (municipal hall) was constructed and is still standing beside the Molo church. During the American regime, it became a mere part of the town of Iloilo in 1903 and in 1937 became a district of the City of Iloilo. Prominent Families like Lacson , Locsin and Aranet emerged in this area. Sugar brought prosperity to these families that enable to send their children in Manila for education and instrumental in uprising both in Iloilo and Negros Occidental.
1831 - The church of Molo was constructed under the the office of Rev. Fr. Pablo Montano as parish priest. It was completed during the time of Rev. Fr. Agapito Buenaflor. It is said to be one of the most beautiful churches in Western Visayas.
1831 - The church of Molo was constructed under the the office of Rev. Fr. Pablo Montano as parish priest. It was completed during the time of Rev. Fr. Agapito Buenaflor. It is said to be one of the most beautiful churches in Western Visayas.
Spanish Towns of Iloilo 1834
9 new towns emerged such as Cabatuan , Santa Barbara and Maasin as distinct from Jaro , town of Camando is still on its old name , town of Angoy ( now called San Miguel), Mandurriao appeared , Lambunao seperated from Laglag , Janiuay and Tubungan appeared.
Previous 15 Spanish Towns are
Jaro , Molo , Arevalo , Iloilo
Laglag now termed as Dingle , Guimbal , Tigbaun , Oton , Dumangas , Anilao , Banate , Barotac , Pase , Alimodian. However , Ajuy dissapeared and now Pili appeared.
A total of 24 towns were established in Province of Iloilo by 1834 after 100 years from 1874.
9 new towns emerged such as Cabatuan , Santa Barbara and Maasin as distinct from Jaro , town of Camando is still on its old name , town of Angoy ( now called San Miguel), Mandurriao appeared , Lambunao seperated from Laglag , Janiuay and Tubungan appeared.
Previous 15 Spanish Towns are
Jaro , Molo , Arevalo , Iloilo
Laglag now termed as Dingle , Guimbal , Tigbaun , Oton , Dumangas , Anilao , Banate , Barotac , Pase , Alimodian. However , Ajuy dissapeared and now Pili appeared.
A total of 24 towns were established in Province of Iloilo by 1834 after 100 years from 1874.
Jaro - a Sophisticated Society
The vast sugar plantations and Industry brougth prosperity to many families of Jaro such as Jalandoni , Lopez , Ledesma , Javelona and Montinola . With sufficient profits , the Spanish Government started building of Schools and Catedral in Jaro. It became the the center of faith in Iloilo and ecclesiastical
instruction. Several families around Iloilo now have access to education. Other families were able to send their children to Manila to study in Letran and Santo Thomas and even in Spain.
1840- Gabriel Lafond de Lurcy a French drew this picture of Jaro society in his book
“ Haro is much bigger in size than Iloilo; it is a rich town, of mestizos who own great fortunes… the people of Haro are more civilized than those of the other neighboring towns (Molo and Iloilo). The color of their skin is whiter, consequence of a great mixture of European blood; and Spanish is spoken better there than in any place in the colony, the Capital excepted; the women are very beautiful and I can give assurance of this, having had the pleasure of being amongst them, that they have grace and figure and the
features, which would call attention even in Europe. They show taste in their dress, which is rich and elegant and, like all mestizas, they show a lot of spirit.”
Source: Quinze Ans de Voyage Autor de Monde Vol. II ( 1840)
instruction. Several families around Iloilo now have access to education. Other families were able to send their children to Manila to study in Letran and Santo Thomas and even in Spain.
1840- Gabriel Lafond de Lurcy a French drew this picture of Jaro society in his book
“ Haro is much bigger in size than Iloilo; it is a rich town, of mestizos who own great fortunes… the people of Haro are more civilized than those of the other neighboring towns (Molo and Iloilo). The color of their skin is whiter, consequence of a great mixture of European blood; and Spanish is spoken better there than in any place in the colony, the Capital excepted; the women are very beautiful and I can give assurance of this, having had the pleasure of being amongst them, that they have grace and figure and the
features, which would call attention even in Europe. They show taste in their dress, which is rich and elegant and, like all mestizas, they show a lot of spirit.”
Source: Quinze Ans de Voyage Autor de Monde Vol. II ( 1840)
Britishman offered loan and technology
1855 - The production of sugars in Negros Occidental increased tremendously. It prompted the Spanish government to open the port of Iloilo to International trade without passing Manila. Nicholas Loney, a British merchant, settled in Iloilo on the following year bringing machinery and European technology that improve yield, and improved the quality of Iloilo sugar to world-market standards. Many families of Jaro and Molo prospered and built historic mansions. During that time, sugar was already being grown sporadically throughout Panay but not on a vast, plantation-type scale.
In 1855, before Loney arrived in Iloilo City, Panay produced an average of only 750 tons of sugar a year. By 1860, five years after he arrived in Iloilo City, Philippine sugar exports rose tenfold to 7,500 tons! Loney established his own export-import company in 1860 and with his brother Robert who had acquired a hacienda on Negros a year later.
"I could mention the names of half a dozen real-estate owners in Yloilo Province who, having started with nothing, somehow found themselves possessing comparatively large fortunes at the time of the liquidation."
1858 - Sir John Bowring, a former British governor of Hong Kong, visiting Iloilo in 1858, was so impressed by what he saw, that he wrote in his book, A Visit to the Philippines (1859), the following:
"The province is not only one of the most numerously peopled, it is perhaps the most productive in agricultural and most active in manufacturing, industry and among the best instructed of the Philippines. It has extensive and cultivated plains and its roads are among the best seen in the archipelago.”
A Custom-house was established and port opened in Zamboanga (Mindanao Is.) for direct communication with abroad in 1831; those of Sual (Pangasinán) and Yloilo (Panay Is.) in 1855, and that of Cebú in 1863
Source: John Foreham The Philippine Islands Septmber 1905 Third Edition
Ilongo Families migrated to Negros Occidental and their extinction in Iloilo
Inspired by good profits, several Ilongo families who have capital decided to move to Negros Occidental. Among the prominent families at the head of the Ilonggo migration to Negros in the 19th century were the Bellezas, Consings, Conlus, De la Ramas, Lacsons, Lazaros, Locsins, Magalonas, Mellizas and Montelibanos of Molo; the Benedictos, Gamboas, Hernaezes, Hilados, Hofilenas, Jaymes, Jisons, Ledesmas, Lopezes, and
Severinos of Jaro; the Belmontes, Cuaycongs and Mondragons of Mandurriao; and the Navals and Vitos of Capiz (Varona 1938). These families generally settled in the central and northern sections of the western side of Negros.
The earliest recorded direct foreign exportation from Iloilo port took place when the Brigantine, a Portuguese ship, loaded some 500 piculs of sibucao (dye wood) for the colony of Macau
Robustiano Echaúz wrote in his published book in 1894 entitled “Apuntes de la Isla de Negros” or “Sketches of the Island of Negros”:
“Los insulares de Jaro y Molo, van á Negros; Simeón Ledesma y Lucio Lacson, se dirigen á Minuluan, dan trazado á sus propiedades, forma el primero con Cornelio Hilado, su portentosa hacienda Bagacay, el segundo, su grande y hermoso Matabang, y se abren las de Binonga y otras muchas”.
“Filipinos from Jaro and Molo came to Negros. Simeon Ledesma and Lucio Lacson settled in Minuluan where they laid out the boundaries of their properties. Ledesma and Cornelio Hilado created their wonderful
Hacienda Bagacay. Lacson built the big and beautiful Hacienda Matabang. Haciendas at Binonga and many others were also established”. (Donn V. Hart in 1978)
In 1855, before Loney arrived in Iloilo City, Panay produced an average of only 750 tons of sugar a year. By 1860, five years after he arrived in Iloilo City, Philippine sugar exports rose tenfold to 7,500 tons! Loney established his own export-import company in 1860 and with his brother Robert who had acquired a hacienda on Negros a year later.
"I could mention the names of half a dozen real-estate owners in Yloilo Province who, having started with nothing, somehow found themselves possessing comparatively large fortunes at the time of the liquidation."
1858 - Sir John Bowring, a former British governor of Hong Kong, visiting Iloilo in 1858, was so impressed by what he saw, that he wrote in his book, A Visit to the Philippines (1859), the following:
"The province is not only one of the most numerously peopled, it is perhaps the most productive in agricultural and most active in manufacturing, industry and among the best instructed of the Philippines. It has extensive and cultivated plains and its roads are among the best seen in the archipelago.”
A Custom-house was established and port opened in Zamboanga (Mindanao Is.) for direct communication with abroad in 1831; those of Sual (Pangasinán) and Yloilo (Panay Is.) in 1855, and that of Cebú in 1863
Source: John Foreham The Philippine Islands Septmber 1905 Third Edition
Ilongo Families migrated to Negros Occidental and their extinction in Iloilo
Inspired by good profits, several Ilongo families who have capital decided to move to Negros Occidental. Among the prominent families at the head of the Ilonggo migration to Negros in the 19th century were the Bellezas, Consings, Conlus, De la Ramas, Lacsons, Lazaros, Locsins, Magalonas, Mellizas and Montelibanos of Molo; the Benedictos, Gamboas, Hernaezes, Hilados, Hofilenas, Jaymes, Jisons, Ledesmas, Lopezes, and
Severinos of Jaro; the Belmontes, Cuaycongs and Mondragons of Mandurriao; and the Navals and Vitos of Capiz (Varona 1938). These families generally settled in the central and northern sections of the western side of Negros.
The earliest recorded direct foreign exportation from Iloilo port took place when the Brigantine, a Portuguese ship, loaded some 500 piculs of sibucao (dye wood) for the colony of Macau
Robustiano Echaúz wrote in his published book in 1894 entitled “Apuntes de la Isla de Negros” or “Sketches of the Island of Negros”:
“Los insulares de Jaro y Molo, van á Negros; Simeón Ledesma y Lucio Lacson, se dirigen á Minuluan, dan trazado á sus propiedades, forma el primero con Cornelio Hilado, su portentosa hacienda Bagacay, el segundo, su grande y hermoso Matabang, y se abren las de Binonga y otras muchas”.
“Filipinos from Jaro and Molo came to Negros. Simeon Ledesma and Lucio Lacson settled in Minuluan where they laid out the boundaries of their properties. Ledesma and Cornelio Hilado created their wonderful
Hacienda Bagacay. Lacson built the big and beautiful Hacienda Matabang. Haciendas at Binonga and many others were also established”. (Donn V. Hart in 1978)
Custum House in Iloilo
In order to evade the payment of the Manila Port Works Tax , for which no value
was given, large quantities of piece-goods for Manila were shipped from Europe
to Yloilo, passed through the Custom-house there and re-shipped in inter-island
steamers to Manila. In 1890 some two-thirds of the Yloilo foreign imports were for re-shipment.
Between Yloilo and the adjoining Province of Antique, the District of Concepcion and the Islands of Negros and Cebú, there were some
half-dozen small steamers, belonging to Filipinos and Spaniards, running regularly with passengers and merchandise, whilst in the sugar-producing season—from January to May—they were fully freighted with cargoes of this staple article.
The carrying-trade in sailing craft between the Islands was chiefly in the hands of natives and half-castes. There were also a few Spanish sailing-ship owners, and in the Port of Yloilo a few schooners (called
lorchas), loading from 40 to 100 tons of sugar, were the property of foreigners, under the nominal ownership of Spanish subjects, for the reasons mentioned in the preceding page.
Source : John Foreman The Philippine Islands Septmber 1905 Third Edition
was given, large quantities of piece-goods for Manila were shipped from Europe
to Yloilo, passed through the Custom-house there and re-shipped in inter-island
steamers to Manila. In 1890 some two-thirds of the Yloilo foreign imports were for re-shipment.
Between Yloilo and the adjoining Province of Antique, the District of Concepcion and the Islands of Negros and Cebú, there were some
half-dozen small steamers, belonging to Filipinos and Spaniards, running regularly with passengers and merchandise, whilst in the sugar-producing season—from January to May—they were fully freighted with cargoes of this staple article.
The carrying-trade in sailing craft between the Islands was chiefly in the hands of natives and half-castes. There were also a few Spanish sailing-ship owners, and in the Port of Yloilo a few schooners (called
lorchas), loading from 40 to 100 tons of sugar, were the property of foreigners, under the nominal ownership of Spanish subjects, for the reasons mentioned in the preceding page.
Source : John Foreman The Philippine Islands Septmber 1905 Third Edition
1855- Iloilo International Port opened
" In his early dealings, Loney took cash loans from the prominent American firm of Russell, Sturgis and Company, which put up its own branch at Iloilo in 1863.
Subsequently, the other American merchant house in the Philippines, Peele, Hubbell and Company, and such British firms as Smith, Bell and Company and Warner, Barnes and Company entered the sugar business, encouraging the growth of the industry on Negros.
Together these houses dominated foreign export of sugar from Iloilo and became the chief suppliers of imported goods and machinery, as well as a source of credit to Negros planters. Iloilo opened to
international commerce in 1855, making it possible for exporters to bypass Manila as a transshipment point and thus to reduce shipping costs. By the mid-1860s Iloilo became the chief port for Negros mat, a position it held throughout the remainder of the period."
It was such a noisy busy streeet of port of Iloilo which later called Mulle Loney to honor the British who contribute extensively for Sugar Industry boom. With direct commerse to Europe , America and Australia . Upon the discovery of lights , railways and other modern conveniences , Iloilo take advantage of them.
Subsequently, the other American merchant house in the Philippines, Peele, Hubbell and Company, and such British firms as Smith, Bell and Company and Warner, Barnes and Company entered the sugar business, encouraging the growth of the industry on Negros.
Together these houses dominated foreign export of sugar from Iloilo and became the chief suppliers of imported goods and machinery, as well as a source of credit to Negros planters. Iloilo opened to
international commerce in 1855, making it possible for exporters to bypass Manila as a transshipment point and thus to reduce shipping costs. By the mid-1860s Iloilo became the chief port for Negros mat, a position it held throughout the remainder of the period."
It was such a noisy busy streeet of port of Iloilo which later called Mulle Loney to honor the British who contribute extensively for Sugar Industry boom. With direct commerse to Europe , America and Australia . Upon the discovery of lights , railways and other modern conveniences , Iloilo take advantage of them.